前不久，财政部、国(guo)家发展(zhan)和改革委(wei)员会(hui)印发调(diao)(diao)整后的(de)第14期节(jie)(jie)能产品(pin)政府采购清单(以下简(jian)称“节(jie)(jie)能清单”)，对于空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)来讲，第14期节(jie)(jie)能清单的(de)定速空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)在(zai)节(jie)(jie)能清单中明显缩水，取而代之的(de)是变频空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)。在(zai)国(guo)家节(jie)(jie)能产品(pin)惠民工程等政策的(de)推(tui)动下，变频空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)市场推(tui)广(guang)提速，快速发展(zhan)成为市场的(de)主流，变频空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)有望(wang)成为空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)政府采购市场的(de)主力军。

　　在政(zheng)府采(cai)购(gou)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)领域，超薄、变(bian)(bian)频、定速(su)、数(shu)码、节(jie)能(neng)等词汇已成(cheng)(cheng)为时代的(de)(de)新(xin)潮流。变(bian)(bian)频空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)在政(zheng)府采(cai)购(gou)市(shi)(shi)场表现活跃，尤其是变(bian)(bian)频多(duo)联(lian)(lian)式(shi)中(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)更是在采(cai)购(gou)中(zhong)频繁出现。与此同(tong)时，购(gou)买多(duo)联(lian)(lian)式(shi)变(bian)(bian)频中(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)俨然成(cheng)(cheng)为了时下政(zheng)府采(cai)购(gou)市(shi)(shi)场的(de)(de)热点，并将逐步(bu)取代分(fen)体(ti)机(ji)(ji)，逐步(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)为政(zheng)府采(cai)购(gou)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)市(shi)(shi)场的(de)(de)新(xin)趋势。所谓多(duo)联(lian)(lian)式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)是把分(fen)体(ti)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)集中(zhong)到一(yi)个室外机(ji)(ji)中(zhong)，如一(yi)拖五里面有5台压缩机(ji)(ji)，但冷(leng)媒(mei)系统各自(zi)独立。多(duo)联(lian)(lian)机(ji)(ji)大多(duo)应用了变(bian)(bian)频技术，可根据室内负荷的(de)(de)变(bian)(bian)化(hua)，调(diao)(diao)节(jie)室外压缩机(ji)(ji)转速(su)的(de)(de)变(bian)(bian)化(hua)，并以此调(diao)(diao)整制冷(leng)剂质流量输出，从(cong)而(er)有效(xiao)降低(di)能(neng)耗。

　　那么采用多联式变频中央(yang)空调(diao)有哪些(xie)优势呢(ni)?笔者认为多联式变频中央(yang)空调(diao)的(de)优势主(zhu)要(yao)表现在(zai)以下几个方(fang)面：

　　一是(shi)节能(neng)省电。目(mu)前(qian)多(duo)联(lian)式(shi)变频(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)直流变速压(ya)缩机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，可(ke)根据(ju)室(shi)(shi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)实(shi)际需要(yao)来制(zhi)冷(leng)制(zhi)热，每(mei)个房间都能(neng)单(dan)独(du)控制(zhi)，室(shi)(shi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)少，室(shi)(shi)外(wai)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)就提供多(duo)少冷(leng)量，一定负荷下可(ke)能(neng)比用(yong)(yong)(yong)一般的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)体机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)更加(jia)节能(neng)省电。二是(shi)整(zheng)(zheng)体装潢(huang)效果佳。中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)只有一个外(wai)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，不会像传统空(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)破坏整(zheng)(zheng)体外(wai)观，而且中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)室(shi)(shi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)安装“以藏(zang)(zang)为美(mei)”，通过简单(dan)的(de)局部吊顶即可(ke)实(shi)现(xian)隐(yin)身安装。三是(shi)舒(shu)适性较高。分(fen)(fen)(fen)体机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)送风(feng)角(jiao)度(du)有限，而且没有新(xin)风(feng)系(xi)统，所以空(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)开久了会感觉(jue)室(shi)(shi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)空(kong)气(qi)很(hen)混(hun)浊。中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)室(shi)(shi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有多(duo)种送风(feng)方式(shi)，使(shi)(shi)气(qi)流分(fen)(fen)(fen)布更加(jia)均匀(yun)，同时中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)能(neng)够引入室(shi)(shi)外(wai)的(de)新(xin)鲜空(kong)气(qi)即引入新(xin)风(feng)，使(shi)(shi)人(ren)感觉(jue)更加(jia)舒(shu)适。四是(shi)噪音低(di)。中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)室(shi)(shi)外(wai)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)压(ya)缩机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)使(shi)(shi)转子(zi)与叶片(pian)(pian)结合成一体，解(jie)决了由于转子(zi)与叶片(pian)(pian)磨擦形(xing)成的(de)噪音，运转起来只有50分(fen)(fen)(fen)贝左右。在室(shi)(shi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方面，住宅(zhai)中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)较多(duo)的(de)是(shi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)藏(zang)(zang)式(shi)风(feng)管机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，最低(di)可(ke)以做到25分(fen)(fen)(fen)贝，再(zai)加(jia)上(shang)隐(yin)藏(zang)(zang)在天(tian)花(hua)板之中(zhong)(zhong)，噪音值可(ke)以降到最低(di)。

　　采购人提(ti)出多联式(shi)变频中央空调采购需求时(shi)又要注(zhu)意(yi)哪(na)些问题(ti)呢?笔者认为(wei)，主(zhu)要有以下几个(ge)方面(mian)：

　　一是采购人在递(di)交政府采购需求表前应(ying)当(dang)做(zuo)好前期工作。采购人首先(xian)应(ying)当(dang)联(lian)系设计单位对整个空(kong)(kong)调系统进(jin)行设计，初(chu)步确定空(kong)(kong)调系统的(de)方案、平面布置图(tu)、系统图(tu)等(deng)。

　　二(er)是(shi)(shi)设计(ji)院一般是(shi)(shi)按某一个品牌设计(ji)的，采购(gou)人在(zai)(zai)提出(chu)多联式变(bian)频中央空(kong)调采购(gou)需求时不能直接照抄(chao)设计(ji)说明书和设计(ji)图纸的设备清单(dan)中的数据(ju)，主要(yao)技术参数如制(zhi)冷(leng)量(liang)和制(zhi)热(re)量(liang)等(deng)(deng)技术参数填写时候(hou)应当是(shi)(shi)一个数值(zhi)范(fan)围，只提供制(zhi)冷(leng)量(liang)和制(zhi)热(re)量(liang)的基准值(zhi)，不是(shi)(shi)一个具体(ti)数据(ju)，可采用“大于等(deng)(deng)于”或“正负偏差在(zai)(zai)某某幅(fu)度内”这一类的措(cuo)词。

　　三是准确统计(ji)主要(yao)(yao)空调设备(bei)的(de)数量，如(ru)室(shi)外机(ji)、室(shi)内(nei)机(ji)、新风机(ji)等主要(yao)(yao)空调设备(bei)，填写采(cai)购明细表，其(qi)他(ta)安装辅材和辅机(ji)可(ke)以不(bu)统计(ji)，只提供参考得设计(ji)图纸即可(ke)。在采(cai)购技术要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)中，采(cai)购人(ren)可(ke)以提出(chu)空调机(ji)的(de)制(zhi)冷量和制(zhi)热量要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、冷媒要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、出(chu)风形式要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)等。其(qi)他(ta)指标(biao)如(ru)噪声、机(ji)器的(de)尺寸要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、室(shi)内(nei)机(ji)的(de)厚度要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、COP能效比(bi)、耗电(dian)量、电(dian)源(yuan)(380V/220V)、电(dian)功率等采(cai)购人(ren)如(ru)有要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)也可(ke)以提出(chu)，但不(bu)能有歧视(shi)性。

　　四是注重安(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)要(yao)(yao)求。与(yu)分(fen)体空(kong)调(diao)(diao)相(xiang)比(bi)，中(zhong)央空(kong)调(diao)(diao)可(ke)谓完美，但作(zuo)为(wei)一项系统工程(cheng)，中(zhong)央空(kong)调(diao)(diao)一直有(you)“三分(fen)生(sheng)产，七分(fen)安(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)”的说(shuo)法，所(suo)以安(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的好(hao)坏是购买中(zhong)央空(kong)调(diao)(diao)的关键，如(ru)果不(bu)注意安(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)要(yao)(yao)求可(ke)能后患无穷。中(zhong)央空(kong)调(diao)(diao)如(ru)果安(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)出现问题，常见的毛病(bing)是风口会有(you)滴(di)水(shui)，这主要(yao)(yao)是因(yin)为(wei)室内机排(pai)水(shui)不(bu)顺畅(chang)或者(zhe)出风口冷凝水(shui)造成的。在空(kong)调(diao)(diao)安(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)完毕后应(ying)(ying)当对系统进行调(diao)(diao)试(shi)，只有(you)调(diao)(diao)试(shi)正常，排(pai)水(shui)系统顺畅(chang)、焊接没问题，才可(ke)以避免出现漏水(shui)现象，因(yin)此采(cai)购人应(ying)(ying)当提出投标供应(ying)(ying)商的安(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)资格要(yao)(yao)求